Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most prevalent sleep‑related breathing disorder, accounting for more than 80% of cases in the United States. It involves recurrent narrowing or collapse of the upper airway during sleep, leading to cessation or reduction of airflow. Risk factors include craniofacial abnormalities, obesity, male gender and advancing age. OSA is associated with health consequences such as daytime sleepiness, hypertension and stroke.
Screening and Diagnosis
Dentists can play a critical role by screening for OSA when taking patient histories and conducting clinical exams. Key signs include large tonsils, retrognathia, high arched palate, obesity, loud snoring and breathing pauses. Patients exhibiting these features should be referred to a sleep specialist for further evaluation.
Treatment Options
The ADA notes that positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is the primary treatment for OSA, but oral appliance therapy (OAT) is a commonly recommended alternative for patients with mild to moderate OSA or those intolerant of PAP. Dentists collaborating with physicians and sleep specialists can fabricate and maintain custom oral appliances that reposition the jaw or tongue to maintain airway patency. Multidisciplinary care and regular follow‑up help improve long‑term outcomes.
Takeaway
OSA is often underdiagnosed. As oral health professionals, dentists should recognize risk factors, refer patients for diagnosis and collaborate on oral appliance therapy to enhance patients’ health and quality of life.
Sources
- ADA: Sleep apnea screening and oral appliance therapy – ada.org
